ACI 302.1R 15:2015 Edition

$67.71

302.1R-15 Guide to Concrete Floor and Slab Construction

Published By	Publication Date	Number of Pages
ACI	2015	80

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Category: ACI

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Description

The quality of a concrete floor or slab is highly dependent on achieving a hard and durable surface that is flat, relatively free of cracks, and at the proper grade and elevation. Properties of the surface are determined by the mixture proportions and the quality of the concreting and jointing operations. The timing of concreting operations—especially finishing, jointing, and curing—is critical. Failure to address this issue can contribute to undesirable characteristics in the wearing surface such as cracking, low resistance to wear, dusting, scaling, high or low spots, poor drainage, and increasing the potential for curling. Concrete floor slabs employing portland cement, regardless of slump, will start to experience a reduction in volume as soon as they are placed. This phenomenon will continue as long as any water, heat, or both, is being released to the surroundings. Moreover, because the drying and cooling rates at the top and bottom of the slab are not the same, the shrinkage will vary throughout the depth, causing the as-cast shape to be distorted and reduced in volume. This guide contains recommendations for controlling random cracking and edge curling caused by the concrete’s normal volume change. Application of present technology permits only a reduction in cracking and curling, not elimination. Even with the best floor designs and proper construction, it is unrealistic to expect completely crack- and curl-free floors. Consequently, every owner should be advised by both the designer and contractor that it is completely normal to expect some amount of cracking and curling on every project, and that such an occurrence does not necessarily reflect adversely on either the adequacy of the floor’s design or the quality of its construction (Ytterberg 1987). This guide describes how to produce high-quality concrete slabs-on-ground and suspended floors for various classes of service. It emphasizes such aspects of construction as site preparation, concrete materials, concrete mixture proportions, concrete workmanship, joint construction, load transfer across joints, form stripping procedures, finishing methods, and curing. Flatness/levelness requirements and measurements are outlined. A thorough preconstruction meeting is critical to facilitate communication among key participants and to clearly establish expectations and procedures that will be employed during construction to achieve the floor qualities required by the project specifications. Adequate supervision and inspection are required for job operations, particularly those of finishing. Keywords: admixture; aggregate; consolidation; contract documents; curing; curling; deflection; durability; form; fracture; joint; mixture proportioning; placing; quality control; slab-on-ground; slabs; slump test.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages	PDF Title
3	TITLE PAGE
5	CHAPTER 1—INTRODUCTION 1.1—Purpose 1.2—Scope CHAPTER 2—DEFINITIONS CHAPTER 3—PREBID AND PRECONSTRUCTION MEETINGS 3.1—Prebid meeting 3.2—Preconstruction meeting
6	CHAPTER 4—CLASSES OF FLOORS 4.1—Classification of floors 4.2—Single-course monolithic floors: Classes 1, 2, 4, 5, and 6 4.3—Two-course floors: Classes 3, 7, and 8
8	4.4—Class 9 floors 4.5—Special finish floors CHAPTER 5—DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 5.1—Scope 5.2—Slabs-on-ground
13	5.3—Suspended slabs
15	5.4—Miscellaneous details
16	CHAPTER 6—SITE PREPARATION AND PLACING ENVIRONMENT 6.1—Soil-support system preparation
18	6.2—Suspended slabs 6.3—Bulkheads 6.4—Setting screed guides 6.5—Installation of auxiliary materials 6.6—Concrete placement conditions
19	CHAPTER 7—ASSOCIATED MATERIALS 7.1—Introduction 7.2—Reinforcement
20	7.3—Special-purpose aggregates 7.4—Monomolecular films 7.5—Curing materials
21	7.6—Gloss-imparting waxes 7.7—Liquid surface treatments
22	7.8—Joint materials 7.9—Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) CHAPTER 8—CONCRETE MATERIALS AND MIXTURE PROPORTIONING 8.1—Introduction 8.2—Concrete 8.3—Concrete properties
23	8.4—Recommended concrete mixture
25	8.5—Aggregates
26	8.6—Portland cement
27	8.7—Water 8.8—Admixtures
29	8.9—Concrete mixture analysis
33	CHAPTER 9—BATCHING, MIXING, AND TRANSPORTING 9.1—Batching
34	9.2—Mixing 9.3—Transporting
35	CHAPTER 10—PLACING, CONSOLIDATING, AND FINISHING 10.1—Placing operations
36	10.2—Tools for spreading, consolidating, and finishing
39	10.3—Spreading, consolidating, and finishing operations
46	10.4—Finishing Class 1, 2, and 3 floors 10.5—Finishing Class 4 and 5 floors 10.6—Finishing Class 6 floors and monolithic-surface treatments for wear resistance
48	10.7—Finishing Class 7 floors
49	10.8—Finishing Class 8 floors (two-course unbonded) 10.9—Finishing Class 9 floors
50	10.10—Toppings for precast floors 10.11—Finishing lightweight concrete
52	10.12—Nonslip floors 10.13—Decorative and nonslip treatments
54	10.14—Grinding as repair procedure 10.15—Floor flatness and levelness
58	10.16—Treatment when bleeding is a problem
59	10.17—Delays in cold-weather finishing CHAPTER 11—CURING, PROTECTION, AND JOINT FILLING 11.1—Purpose of curing 11.2—Methods of curing
60	11.3—Curing at joints 11.4—Curing special concrete
61	11.5—Length of curing 11.6—Preventing plastic shrinkage cracking 11.7—Curing after grinding 11.8—Protection of slab during construction 11.9—Temperature drawdown in cold storage and freezer rooms
62	11.10—Joint filling and sealing CHAPTER 12—QUALITY CONTROL CHECKLIST 12.1—Introduction 12.2—Partial list of important items to be observed
63	CHAPTER 13—CAUSES OF FLOOR AND SLAB SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS 13.1—Introduction
64	13.2—Random cracking
67	13.3—Low wear resistance 13.4—Dusting
68	13.5—Scaling
69	13.6—Popouts
70	13.7—Blisters and delamination
71	13.8—Spalling
72	13.9—Discoloration
73	13.10—Low spots and poor drainage 13.11—Slab edge curling
75	13.12—Evaluation of slab surface imperfections CHAPTER 14—REFERENCES
77	Authored documents