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ACI 309.2R 15:2015 Edition

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309.2R-15 Guide to Identification and Control of Visible Surface Effects of Consolidation on Formed Concrete Surfaces

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
ACI 2015 16
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This document provides guidelines for identifying and controlling visible effects on the surface of concrete as it relates to consolidation on precast or cast-in-place-formed concrete surfaces. A perfectly homogenous and blemish-free concrete element is difficult, if not impossible, to achieve. This document, therefore, does not define an acceptable level of quality, as this should be defined in the contract documents. This guide explores the direct and indirect cause-and-effect relationships, as well as other factors, concerning concrete surface appearance. Photographs are included in this document to illustrate typical concrete surface finish effects that are a departure from absolute perfection. Negative surface effects in concrete can be minimized by proper planning during the design and specification stages. Significant consolidation factors that minimize undesirable concrete negative surface effects are also discussed. Keywords: bugholes; consistency; consolidation; construction joints; discoloration; form offset; formwork (construction); layer lines; mixture proportioning; plastic settlement cracking; preplaced-aggregate concrete; quality control; sand streaking; surface air voids; surface defects; vibration; workability.

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
3 TITLE PAGE
4 CHAPTER 1ā€”INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
1.1ā€”Introduction
1.2ā€”Scope
CHAPTER 2ā€”DEFINITIONS
2.1ā€”Definitions
CHAPTER 3ā€”FACTORS CAUSING NEGATIVE SURFACE EFFECTS
3.1ā€”General causes of negative surface effects
3.2ā€”Design considerations of structural members
6 3.3ā€”Specifications
3.4ā€”Forms
8 3.5ā€”Properties of fresh concrete
9 3.6ā€”Placement
3.7ā€”Consolidation
3.8ā€”Special construction conditions
10 CHAPTER 4ā€”NEGATIVE SURFACE EFFECTS
4.1ā€”Honeycomb
4.2ā€”Air voids in formed surfaces
4.3ā€”Formstreaking
4.4ā€”Aggregate transparency
4.5ā€”Color variation
11 4.6ā€”Sand streaking
4.7ā€”Layer lines
4.8ā€”Form offsets
4.9ā€”Plastic settlement cracking
CHAPTER 5ā€”MINIMIZING NEGATIVESURFACE EFFECTS
12 CHAPTER 6ā€”CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7ā€”REFERENCES
Cited references
ACI 309.2R 15
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