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BSI PD IEC TR 63304:2021

BSI PD IEC TR 63304:2021

$189.07

Permanent magnet (magnetically hard) materials. Methods of measurement of magnetic properties in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2021 50
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This Technical Report describes the general principle and technical details of the methods of measurement of the DC magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials in an open magnetic circuit using a superconducting magnet (SCM).

This method is applicable to permanent magnet materials, such as those specified in IEC 60404-8-1, the properties of which are presumed homogeneous throughout their volume.

There are two methods:

  • the SCM-Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) method;

  • the SCM-Extraction method.

This document also describes methods to correct the influence of the self-demagnetizing field in the test specimen on the demagnetization curve measured in an open magnetic circuit. The magnetic properties are determined from the corrected demagnetization curve.

NOTE These SCM-methods can determine the magnetic properties of permanent magnet materials with coercivity higher than 2 MA/m. The methods of measurement in a closed magnetic circuit specified in IEC 60404-5 can lead to significant measurement error due to saturation effects in the pole pieces of yoke for the magnetic materials with coercivity higher than 1,6 MA/m (see IEC 60404-5).

PDF Catalog

PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
7 FOREWORD
9 INTRODUCTION
11 1 Scope
2 Normative references
3 Terms and definitions
12 Figures
Figure 1 – Demagnetization curve J(H)
13 4 General principle
4.1 Principle of the method
Figure 2 – Schematic diagrams of the test apparatus
14 4.2 Superconducting magnet (SCM)
15 4.3 Magnetic field strength sensor (H sensor)
4.4 Magnetic dipole moment detection coil (M coil)
Figure 3 – Schematic diagrams of the first order gradiometer coil
16 4.5 Specimen rod and moving device
4.6 Measuring devices and the data processing device
5 Test specimen
17 6 Preparation of measurement
6.1 Measurement of volume of the test specimen
6.2 Initial magnetization of the test specimen to saturation
7 Determination of magnetic polarization
7.1 Measurement of the magnetic dipole moment
18 7.2 Determination of magnetic polarization
19 8 Measurement of magnetic field
9 Calibration of the magnetic dipole moment detection coil (M coil)
10 Determination of demagnetization curve
20 11 Demagnetizing field correction
11.1 General
Figure 4 – Relationship between magnetic polarization and self-demagnetizing field
21 Figure 5 – Schematic diagram of the demagnetizing field correction
22 11.2 Method A: Method using a demagnetizing factor determined by the shape of the test specimen only
11.3 Method B: Method using a demagnetizing factor determined by the shape and the magnetic susceptibility of the test specimen
Tables
Table 1 – Features of the demagnetizing field correction methodsin comparison with Method B
23 11.4 Method C: Method using an inverse analysis considering the spatial distribution of the self-demagnetizing field strength in the test specimen
12 Determination of principal magnetic properties
12.1 Remanent magnetic polarization Jr
Figure 6 – Conceptual diagram of the procedure of Method C
24 12.2 Maximum energy product (BH)max
12.3 Coercivity (HcJ and HcB)
13 Reproducibility
14 Test report
Table 2 – Reproducibility of the magnetic properties
26 Annex A (informative)SCM-Magnetometer method
Figure A.1 – Schematic diagram of the test apparatusfor the SCM-Magnetometer method
27 Figure A.2 – Schematic diagrams of the test apparatus for the methodin a closed magnetic circuit in accordance with IEC 60404-5
28 Annex B (informative)Effects of the test specimen dimensions
Figure B.1 – Effects of test specimen dimensions on magnetic properties [Br, HcJ, HcB and (BH)max] for Nd-Fe-B sintered magnets with different coercivities
29 Annex C (informative)Superconducting magnets (SCMs)
Table C.1 – Performance of SCMs
30 Figure C.1 – Typical cross-sectional structure of the ceramic SCM
31 Annex D (informative)Magnetic dipole moment detection coils (M coils)
Figure D.1 – Schematic diagram of the second order gradiometercoil for the SCM-VSM method
32 Figure D.2 – Schematic diagram of the dependence of induced voltageon the position of the test specimen in the SCM-Extraction method
33 Annex E (informative/normative)Details of the demagnetizing field correction
E.1 General
E.2 Symbols
34 E.3 Method using a demagnetizing factor determined by the shape and magnetic susceptibility of the test specimen (Method B)
Figure E.1 – Axes of a cuboid magnet
36 E.4 Method using an inverse analysis considering the spatial distribution of the self-demagnetizing field strength in the test specimen (Method C)
37 Figure E.2 – Conceptual diagram of the procedure of Method C
38 Figure E.3 – Flowchart of the procedure of Method C
40 Figure E.4 – Comparison of the demagnetization curves correctedusing demagnetizing field correction Methods A, B and C
41 Annex F (informative)Result of the international round robin test of magnetic properties of permanent magnets using the SCM-VSM and SCM-Extraction methods
F.1 General
F.2 Protocol of the RRT
Table F.1 – Nominal values of coercivity
42 F.3 Result of the RRT
Figure F.1 – Comparison of Jr measured by the laboratories
Table F.2 – Participating laboratories and their employed measuring methods
43 Figure F.2 – Comparison of HcJ measured by the laboratories
Figure F.3 – Comparison of (BH)max measured by the laboratories
44 Table F.3 – Comparison of magnetic properties measured by the laboratories
45 F.4 Reproducibility of the measurements
Figure F.4 – Comparison of hysteresis loops measured by the laboratories
46 Figure F.5 – Relative standard deviation of Jr, HcJ and (BH)max
Table F.4 – Comparison of the reproducibility
47 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC TR 63304:2021
$189.07