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BSI PD IEC/TS 63291-1:2023

BSI PD IEC/TS 63291-1:2023

$215.11

High voltage direct current (HVDC) grid systems and connected converter stations. Guideline and parameter lists for functional specifications – Guideline

Published By Publication Date Number of Pages
BSI 2023 136
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PDF Pages PDF Title
2 undefined
4 CONTENTS
9 FOREWORD
11 INTRODUCTION
12 1 Scope
2 Normative references
13 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms
3.1 Terms and definitions
14 Figures
Figure 1 – Definition of the point of connection-AC and the point of connection-DC at an AC/DC converter station
17 Figure 2 – Rigid bipolar HVDC system
18 3.2 Abbreviated terms
4 Coordination of HVDC grid and AC systems
4.1 About HVDC grids
19 4.2 HVDC grid structure
20 4.3 Purpose of the HVDC grid and power network diagram
Figure 3 – Schematic structure of an HVDC grid
21 4.4 AC/DC power flow optimisation
Figure 4 – Example of a PQ-diagram showing the active vs reactive power exchange capability of an AC/DC converter station for a given AC voltage level
22 4.5 Converter operational functions
4.5.1 General
4.5.2 Basic operation functions – Converter normal operation state
24 4.5.3 Basic operation functions – Converter abnormal operation state
25 4.5.4 Ancillary services
Figure 5 – Generic AC over- and under voltage ride through profile of an AC/DC converter station
26 Figure 6 – Example of an active power frequency response capability of an AC/DC converter station in frequency sensitive mode (FSM) with zero deadband and insensitivity with a positive active power setpoint; FSM in this figure shall be understood as FCR
30 5 HVDC grid characteristics
5.1 HVDC circuit topologies
5.1.1 Availability and reliability
5.1.2 Basic characteristics and nomenclature
31 Tables
Table 1 – Nomenclature of HVDC circuit topologies
Table 2 – HVDC circuit topologies – HVDC grid characteristics
32 Table 3 – HVDC circuit topologies – HVDC station characteristics at a PoC
33 Figure 7 – Example of an HVDC grid in 2DCe topology with different AC/DC converter station topologies
34 5.1.3 Attributes of HVDC grids or HVDC grid subsystems
35 5.1.4 Attributes of an HVDC station
36 5.2 Connection modes
5.3 Grid operating states
5.3.1 General
37 5.3.2 Normal state
5.3.3 Alert state
5.3.4 Emergency state
5.3.5 Blackout state
5.3.6 Restoration
5.4 DC voltages
5.4.1 General
5.4.2 Nominal DC system voltage
Figure 8 – Operating states
38 5.4.3 Steady-state DC pole voltage
5.4.4 Temporary DC pole voltage
39 5.4.5 DC neutral bus voltage
Figure 9 – Generic temporary DC pole to earth voltage profiles in HVDC grids
41 5.5 Insulation coordination
5.6 Short-circuit characteristics
5.6.1 Calculation of short-circuit currents in HVDC grids
Figure 10 – Generic neutral bus voltage profile
43 5.6.2 Short-circuit current design requirements
5.7 Steady-state voltage and current distortions
5.7.1 Emissions and impacts
Figure 11 – Standard approximation function
44 5.7.2 Rights and obligations of a connectee
Figure 12 – Equivalent circuit, defining the relationship between voltage and current distortions
45 5.7.3 Similarities between HVDC grids and AC networks
Figure 13 – Disturbance level
46 5.7.4 Voltage and current distortion limits
Figure 14 – Planning level and headroom
47 5.7.5 Allocation of limits to individual connectees
5.7.6 Frequency-dependent DC system impedance
48 5.8 DC system restoration
5.8.1 General
5.8.2 Post-DC fault recovery
5.8.3 Restoration from blackout
49 6 HVDC grid control
6.1 Closed-loop control functions
6.1.1 General
6.1.2 Core control functions
6.1.3 Coordinating control functions
50 6.2 Controller hierarchy
6.2.1 General
Figure 15 – General controller hierarchy with typical time ranges of operation
51 6.2.2 Internal converter control
6.2.3 DC node voltage control
52 6.2.4 Coordinated HVDC grid control
Figure 16 – Typical DC node voltage control modes (illustration in DC voltage/power plane)
54 6.2.5 AC/DC grid control
55 6.3 Propagation of information
56 Figure 17 – Generation of final converter schedules including converter control modes and its parameters
57 6.4 Open-loop controls
6.4.1 Coordination of connection modes between HVDC stations and their PoC-DC
Figure 18 – Propagation of switching commands to individual HVDC stations
58 6.4.2 Operating sequences for HVDC grid installations
6.4.3 Post-DC fault recovery
Figure 19 – Typical operating sequences for transitions between operating states of HVDC grid, HVDC grid subsystem or HVDC grid installation
59 7 HVDC grid protection
7.1 General
60 7.2 DC fault separation
7.3 Protection system related installations and equipment
7.3.1 AC/DC converter station
61 7.3.2 HVDC grid topology and equipment
7.4 HVDC grid protection zones
7.4.1 General
63 Figure 20 – Example illustrating the concept of HVDC grid protection zones in HVDC grids
Table 4 – DC fault separation concepts of HVDC grids or parts thereof defined at a PoC-AC or PoC-DC respectively
64 7.4.2 Permanent stop P
65 Figure 21 – Example of voltage and current traces in the event of “permanent stop”
66 7.4.3 Permanent stop PQ
67 7.4.4 Temporary stop P
69 Figure 22 – Example voltage and current traces in the event of “temporary stop P”
70 7.4.5 Temporary stop PQ
71 7.4.6 Continued operation
72 Figure 23 – Example voltage and current traces in the event of “continued operation”
73 7.4.7 Example of a protection zone matrix
Table 5 – HVDC grid protection zone matrix
74 7.5 DC protection
7.5.1 General
Figure 24 – Example of an HVDC grid protection zone layout
75 7.5.2 DC converter protections
7.5.3 HVDC grid protections
77 7.5.4 HVDC grid protection communication
8 AC/DC converter stations
8.1 Purpose
8.2 AC/DC converter station types
8.2.1 General
8.2.2 AC/DC converter station type 1 (AC/DC type 1)
8.2.3 AC/DC converter station type 2 (AC/DC type 2)
78 8.2.4 AC/DC converter station type 3 (AC/DC type 3)
8.2.5 AC/DC converter station type 4 (AC/DC type 4)
8.2.6 AC/DC converter station type 5 (AC/DC type 5)
8.3 Overall requirements
8.3.1 Robustness of AC/DC converter stations
Figure 25 – AC/DC converter station types in the U/I diagram
79 8.3.2 Availability and reliability
8.3.3 Active power reversal
8.4 Main circuit design
8.4.1 General characteristics
81 8.4.2 DC side
82 Figure 26 – Example of a BRO AC/DC converter station with connected BRZ DC switching station. The AC/DC converter station is of bipolar topology. Its adjacent DC switching station connects two bipolar transmission circuits with DMR in this example
83 Table 6 – DC Connection modes of an AC/DC converter station
84 Table 7 – DC circuit re-configuration requirements
89 8.4.3 AC side
90 8.5 HVDC grid control and protection interface
8.6 Controls
8.6.1 General
8.6.2 Automated vs manual operation
91 8.6.3 Control modes and support of coordination
8.6.4 Limitation strategies
8.6.5 Operating sequences for AC/DC converter stations
Figure 27 – Operating states and transitions for AC/DC converter stations
93 8.6.6 Dynamic behaviour
94 8.7 Protection
8.7.1 General
8.7.2 Configuration requirements
95 8.7.3 Function requirements
96 8.7.4 Fault separation strategy for faults inside the AC/DC converter station
97 8.7.5 Coordination of the DC protection with the HVDC grid
8.7.6 Example for coordination of the DC protection with the HVDC grid
98 Table 8 – Example protection coordination of AC/DC converter station 1 and HVDC grid (for main and backup concept including the separation concept and the FSD)
99 9 HVDC grid installations
9.1 General
Figure 28 – Example illustrating the coordination of the DC protection of AC/DC converter station 1 with the HVDC grid
100 Table 9 – Functions changing operating states
101 Table 10 – Functions of grid operation
Table 11 – Protective functions
102 9.2 DC switching station
9.2.1 Purpose
9.2.2 Overall requirements
9.2.3 Main circuit design
105 Figure 29 – Example of a BRZ DC switching station. The DC switching station connects two bipolar transmission circuits with DMR and an AC/DC converter station of bipolar topology
107 Table 12 – Connection modes of the bipolar DC SU of Figure 29 connecting a PoC-DC of an HVDC transmission line
108 Table 13 – Connection modes of the bipolar DC SU of Figure 29 connecting a PoC-DC of an AC/DC converter station (x = 1)
Table 14 – Normally used DC circuit reconfiguration time requirements for the DC SU example of Figure 29 (PoC-DC)
113 9.2.4 HVDC grid control and protection interface
114 9.2.5 Controls
115 9.2.6 Protection
117 9.3 HVDC transmission lines
9.3.1 Purpose
9.3.2 Overall requirements
118 9.3.3 Main circuit design
121 9.3.4 HVDC grid control and protection interface
9.3.5 Controls
9.3.6 Protection
122 9.4 DC/DC converter stations
123 10 Studies and associated models
10.1 General
10.2 Description of studies
10.2.1 General
10.2.2 HVDC grid planning studies
124 10.2.3 HVDC grid design studies
10.2.4 HVDC grid extension studies
10.2.5 Studies for HVDC grid installation refurbishments and other modifications
125 10.3 Models and interfaces
10.3.1 General
10.3.2 Model interfaces and integration compatibility
10.3.3 Model capability
126 10.3.4 Model format
10.3.5 Model maintenance and portability
10.3.6 Model aggregation
10.3.7 Model testing and validation
127 11 Testing
11.1 General
11.2 Off-site testing
11.2.1 General
128 11.2.2 Factory system tests
129 Figure 30 – Example test environment based on complete C&P equipment represented as hardware
130 Figure 31 – Example test environment partly based on C&P equipment as hardware and the remaining C&P equipment as functional software-in-the-loop model with two alternatives for representing the HVDC grid controller
131 Figure 32 – Example test environment based on complete C&P equipment represented as functional software-in-the-loop model
132 Figure 33 – Example test environment dedicated to test the HVDC grid controller, based on complete C&P equipment represented as functional software-in-the-loop model and HVDC grid controller as hardware
133 11.3 On-site testing
134 Bibliography

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BSI PD IEC/TS 63291-1:2023
$215.11