{"id":457061,"date":"2024-10-20T09:49:25","date_gmt":"2024-10-20T09:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/ieee-80-2013-4\/"},"modified":"2024-10-26T18:16:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-26T18:16:10","slug":"ieee-80-2013-4","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/ieee\/ieee-80-2013-4\/","title":{"rendered":"IEEE 80-2013"},"content":{"rendered":"

Revision Standard – Inactive-Reserved. This guide is primarily concerned with outdoor ac substations, either conventional or gas-insulated. These include distribution, transmission, and generating plant substations. With proper caution, the methods described herein are also applicable to indoor portions of such substations, or to substations that are wholly indoors. No attempt is made to cover the grounding problems peculiar to dc substations. A quantitative analysis of the effects of lightning surges is also beyond the scope of this guide. (Incorporates IEEE Std P80-2013\/Cor 1-2015)<\/p>\n

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PDF Pages<\/th>\nPDF Title<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
1<\/td>\nIEEE Std 80\u2122-2013 Front cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
3<\/td>\nTitle page <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/td>\nImportant Notices and Disclaimers Concerning IEEE Standards Documents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/td>\nParticipants
IEEE Std 80-2013 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/td>\nIEEE Std 80-2013\/Cor 1-2015 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
12<\/td>\nIntroduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
13<\/td>\nContents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
17<\/td>\nIMPORTANT NOTICE
1. Overview
1.1 Scope
1.2 Purpose <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
18<\/td>\n2. Normative references <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
19<\/td>\n3. Definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
24<\/td>\n4. Safety in grounding
4.1 Basic problem <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
26<\/td>\n4.2 Conditions of danger <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
27<\/td>\n5. Range of tolerable current
5.1 Effect of frequency <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
28<\/td>\n5.2 Effect of magnitude and duration
5.3 Importance of high-speed fault clearing <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
29<\/td>\n6. Tolerable body current limit
6.1 Duration formula <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
30<\/td>\n6.2 Alternative assumptions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
31<\/td>\n6.3 Comparison of Dalziel\u2019s equations and Biegelmeier\u2019s curve <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
32<\/td>\n6.4 Note on reclosing
7. Accidental ground circuit
7.1 Resistance of the human body <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
33<\/td>\n7.2 Current paths through the body
7.3 Accidental circuit equivalents <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
37<\/td>\n7.4 Effect of a thin layer of surface material <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n8. Criteria of tolerable voltage
8.1 Criteria of tolerable voltage definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
43<\/td>\n8.2 Typical shock situations for air-insulated substations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
44<\/td>\n8.3 Typical shock situations for gas-insulated substations
8.4 Step and touch voltage criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
46<\/td>\n8.5 Effect of sustained ground currents
9. Principal design considerations
9.1 Definitions
9.2 General concept <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
47<\/td>\n9.3 Primary and auxiliary ground electrodes
9.4 Basic aspects of grid design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
48<\/td>\n9.5 Design in difficult conditions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
49<\/td>\n9.6 Connections to grid
10. Special considerations for gas-insulated substations (GIS)
10.1 Special considerations for GIS definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
50<\/td>\n10.2 GIS characteristics <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
51<\/td>\n10.3 Enclosures and circulating currents
10.4 Grounding of enclosures <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
52<\/td>\n10.5 Cooperation between GIS manufacturer and user <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
53<\/td>\n10.6 Other special aspects of GIS grounding
10.7 Notes on grounding of GIS foundations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
54<\/td>\n10.8 Touch voltage criteria for GIS <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
56<\/td>\n10.9 Recommendations
11. Selection of conductors and connections
11.1 Basic requirements
11.2 Choice of material for conductors and related corrosion problems <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
58<\/td>\n11.3 Conductor sizing factors <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
68<\/td>\n11.4 Selection of connections
12. Soil characteristics
12.1 Soil as a grounding medium <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
69<\/td>\n12.2 Effect of voltage gradient
12.3 Effect of current magnitude
12.4 Effect of moisture, temperature, and chemical content <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
70<\/td>\n12.5 Use of surface material layer <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
71<\/td>\n13. Soil structure and selection of soil model
13.1 Investigation of soil structure
13.2 Classification of soils and range of resistivity <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
72<\/td>\n13.3 Resistivity measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
75<\/td>\n13.4 Interpretation of soil resistivity measurements <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
82<\/td>\n14. Evaluation of ground resistance
14.1 Usual requirements
14.2 Simplified calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
83<\/td>\n14.3 Schwarz\u2019s equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
86<\/td>\n14.4 Note on ground resistance of primary electrodes
14.5 Soil treatment to lower resistivity
14.6 Concrete-encased electrodes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
90<\/td>\n15. Determination of maximum grid current
15.1 Determination of maximum grid current definitions <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
91<\/td>\n15.2 Procedure
15.3 Types of ground faults <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
94<\/td>\n15.4 Effect of substation ground resistance
15.5 Effect of fault resistance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
95<\/td>\n15.6 Effect of overhead ground wires and neutral conductors
15.7 Effect of direct buried pipes and cables
15.8 Worst fault type and location <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
96<\/td>\n15.9 Computation of current division <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
101<\/td>\n15.10 Effect of asymmetry <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
103<\/td>\n15.11 Effect of future changes <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
104<\/td>\n16. Design of grounding system
16.1 Design criteria <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
105<\/td>\n16.2 Critical parameters <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
106<\/td>\n16.3 Index of design parameters
16.4 Design procedure <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
110<\/td>\n16.5 Calculation of maximum step and mesh voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
112<\/td>\n16.6 Refinement of preliminary design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
113<\/td>\n16.7 Application of equations for Em and Es
16.8 Use of computer analysis in grid design <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
114<\/td>\n17. Special areas of concern
17.1 Service areas
17.2 Switch shaft and operating handle grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
117<\/td>\n17.3 Grounding of substation fence <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
120<\/td>\n17.4 Results of voltage profiles for fence grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
126<\/td>\n17.5 Control cable sheath grounding <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
127<\/td>\n17.6 GIS bus extensions
17.7 Surge arrester grounding
17.8 Separate grounds
17.9 Transferred potentials <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
130<\/td>\n18. Construction of a grounding system
18.1 Ground grid construction\u2014trench method <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
131<\/td>\n18.2 Ground grid construction\u2014conductor plowing method
18.3 Installation of connections, pigtails, and ground rods <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
132<\/td>\n18.4 Construction sequence consideration for ground grid installation
18.5 Safety considerations during subsequent excavations
19. Field measurements of a constructed grounding system
19.1 Measurements of grounding system impedance <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
134<\/td>\n19.2 Field survey of potential contours and touch and step voltages <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
135<\/td>\n19.3 Assessment of field measurements for safe design
19.4 Ground grid integrity test <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
136<\/td>\n19.5 Periodic checks of installed grounding system
20. Physical scale models <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
137<\/td>\nAnnex A (informative) Bibliography <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
145<\/td>\nAnnex B (informative) Sample calculations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
146<\/td>\nB.1 Square grid without ground rods\u2014Example 1 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
151<\/td>\nB.2 Square grid with ground rods\u2014Example 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
153<\/td>\nB.3 Rectangular grid with ground rods\u2014Example 3 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
156<\/td>\nB.4 L-shaped grid with ground rods\u2014Example 4 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
159<\/td>\nB.5 Equally spaced grid with ground rods in two-layer soil\u2014Exhibit 1
B.6 Unequally spaced grid with ground rods in uniform soil\u2014Exhibit 2 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
162<\/td>\nAnnex C (informative) Graphical and approximate analysis of current division
C.1 Introduction <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
163<\/td>\nC.2 How to use the graphs and equivalent impedance table <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
164<\/td>\nC.3 Examples <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
165<\/td>\nC.4 Equations for computing line impedances <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
181<\/td>\nAnnex D (informative) Simplified step and mesh equations <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
185<\/td>\nAnnex E (informative) Equivalent uniform soil model for non-uniform soils <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
188<\/td>\nAnnex F (informative) Parametric analysis of grounding systems
F.1 Uniform soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
199<\/td>\nF.2 Two-layer soil <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
201<\/td>\nF.3 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
203<\/td>\nAnnex G (informative) Grounding methods for high-voltage stations with grounded neutrals <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
206<\/td>\nG.1 Summary <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
211<\/td>\nAnnex H (informative) Benchmark
H.1 Overview
H.2 Soil analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
215<\/td>\nH.3 Grounding system analysis <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
222<\/td>\nH.4 Grid current analysis (current division) <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
226<\/td>\nBack cover <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding (Redline)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
IEEE<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2013<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":457071,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[2644],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-457061","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","4":"has-post-thumbnail","6":"product_cat-ieee","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/457061","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/457071"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=457061"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=457061"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=457061"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}