{"id":519179,"date":"2024-11-05T14:53:01","date_gmt":"2024-11-05T14:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/uncategorized\/csa-c88-16\/"},"modified":"2024-11-05T14:53:01","modified_gmt":"2024-11-05T14:53:01","slug":"csa-c88-16","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/product\/publishers\/csa\/csa-c88-16\/","title":{"rendered":"CSA C88-16"},"content":{"rendered":"

Preface<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

This is the fifth edition of CSA C88, Power transformers and reactors. It supersedes the previous editions published in 1991, 1979, 1968, and 1947.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

This Standard is written in reference to two winding transformers, although many requirements are common to multi-winding transformers, autotransformers, load-tap-changing transformers, shunt reactors, and series-voltage regulators. Where there are special requirements for these other transformers, there are clauses in the Standard specifically addressed to these other types of transformers.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

In addition to general updating, this edition of the Standard includes the following key revisions:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

a) Reference publications and definitions have been expanded and updated.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

b) A cold start procedure has been included (see Clause 4.6) with informative background material in Annex A.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

c) Insulating liquid with a fire point greater than 300 \u00b0C has been included (see Clause 6.2.1).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

d) Limits of temperature rise with respect to internal hot spot have been revised (see Clause 9.2d)).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

e) Requirements for stabilizing windings have been revised (see Clause 12.3).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

f) A new clause on gasket materials has been included (see Clause 15.1.27).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

g) Requirements for control cabinets have been expanded (see Clause 15.1.22).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

h) Several tests have been revised including<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

i) induced potential test (see Clause 16.3.3);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

ii) lightning impulse tests (see Clause 16.3.4);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

iii) switching impulse tests (see Clause 16.3.5); and<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

iv) loss and impedance tests (see Clause 16.4).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

i) A new tank pressure test (Clause 16.9) and gas accumulation test (Clause 16.10) have been included.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

j) A new clause on HVDC converter transformers has been included (see Clause 25).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

k) A new clause on transformers with high-temperature insulation has been included (see Clause 26).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

l) Table 10 has been revised to include a tolerance for load losses.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

m) A summary table of tests specified in this Standard has been included (see Table 13).<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Scope<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1.1<\/p>\n

This Standard, except as noted in Clause 1.2, applies to all liquid-filled transformers, autotransformers, booster transformers, load-tap-changing transformers, grounding transformers, phase-shifting transformers, series-voltage regulators, and shunt reactors.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Note: The term transformer(s) in this Standard refers to the overall unit and not just to the electrical components implied by the definition.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1.2<\/p>\n

This Standard does not apply to the following:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

a) distribution transformers (see CAN\/CSA-C2.1 and CAN\/CSA-C2.2);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

b) instrument transformers (see CAN\/CSA-C60044 series and CAN\/CSA-C61869 series);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

c) dry-type transformers (see CSA C9);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

d) pad-mounted transformers (see CAN\/CSA-C227 Series of Standards);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

e) submersible transformers (see CSA C301 Series of Standards);<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

f) three-phase network transformers (see CSA C199); and<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

g) rectifier transformers, welding transformers, furnace transformers, starting transformers, testing transformers, or current-limiting reactors.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Note: In the above list, the pertinent CSA Group standard number has been noted where such exists. Where no CSA Group standard exists, this Standard may be used insofar as it applies.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1.3<\/p>\n

This Standard does not include energy efficiency requirements. For such requirements, see CSA C802.3 for maximum losses for power transformers up to 10 MVA.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1.4<\/p>\n

The values given in SI units are the units of record for the purposes of this Standard. The values given in parentheses are for information and comparison only.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

1.5<\/p>\n

In this Standard, shall is used to express a requirement, i.e., a provision that the user is obliged to satisfy in order to comply with the standard; should is used to express a recommendation or that which is advised but not required; and may is used to express an option or that which is permissible within the limits of the Standard.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Notes accompanying clauses do not include requirements or alternative requirements; the purpose of a note accompanying a clause is to separate from the text explanatory or informative material.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Notes to tables and figures are considered part of the table or figure and may be written as requirements.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Annexes are designated normative (mandatory) or informative (non-mandatory) to define their application.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Power transformers and reactors (Including revision history of 2017)<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Published By<\/td>\nPublication Date<\/td>\nNumber of Pages<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
CSA<\/b><\/a><\/td>\n2016-11-01<\/td>\n102<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":0,"template":"","meta":{"rank_math_lock_modified_date":false,"ep_exclude_from_search":false},"product_cat":[534,2674],"product_tag":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-519179","1":"product","2":"type-product","3":"status-publish","5":"product_cat-29-180","6":"product_cat-csa","8":"first","9":"instock","10":"sold-individually","11":"shipping-taxable","12":"purchasable","13":"product-type-simple"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product\/519179","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/product"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=519179"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"product_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_cat?post=519179"},{"taxonomy":"product_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pdfstandards.shop\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/product_tag?post=519179"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}