ACI 440.7R 10:2010 Edition

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440.7R-10 Guide for Design & Constr of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures

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ACI	2010	50

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Description

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) systems are an option to consider for strengthening unreinforced masonry (URM) structures. Traditional strengthening systems include external steel plates, reinforced concrete (RC) overlays, span shortening with steel subframing or bracing, and internal steel reinforcement. Relative to traditional systems, features of FRP systems include high tensile strength, light weight, ease of construction, and resistance to corrosion. This guide offers general information on FRP systems use, a description of their unique material properties, and recommendations for the design, construction, and inspection of FRP systems for strengthening URM structures. These guidelines are based on knowledge gained from a comprehensive review of experimental and analytical investigations and field applications. Keywords: buildings; cracking; cyclic loading; detailing; earthquake resistance; fiber-reinforced polymers; fibers; flexure; masonry; shear; structural analysis;structural design; unreinforced.

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PDF Pages	PDF Title
4	CONTENTS CONTENTS CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE CHAPTER 1— INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1.1— Introduction 1.1— Introduction
5	1.2—Scope 1.2—Scope CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS CHAPTER 2— NOTATION AND DEFINITIONS 2.1—Notation 2.1—Notation
6	2.2—Definitions 2.2—Definitions
8	CHAPTER 3— CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES CHAPTER 3— CONSTITUENT MATERIALS AND PROPERTIES 3.1—Constituent materials 3.1—Constituent materials 3.1.1 Resins 3.1.1 Resins 3.1.1.1 Primer 3.1.1.1 Primer 3.1.1.2 Putty fillers 3.1.1.2 Putty fillers 3.1.1.3 Saturating resin 3.1.1.3 Saturating resin 3.1.1.4 Adhesives 3.1.1.4 Adhesives 3.1.2 Fibers 3.1.2 Fibers 3.1.3 Protective coatings 3.1.3 Protective coatings
9	3.2—Physical properties 3.2—Physical properties 3.2.1 Density 3.2.1 Density 3.2.2 Coefficient of thermal expansion 3.2.2 Coefficient of thermal expansion 3.2.3 Effect of high temperature 3.2.3 Effect of high temperature 3.3—Mechanical properties 3.3—Mechanical properties 3.3.1 Tensile behavior 3.3.1 Tensile behavior
10	3.3.2 Compressive behavior 3.3.2 Compressive behavior 3.4—Time-dependent behavior 3.4—Time-dependent behavior 3.4.1 Creep rupture 3.4.1 Creep rupture 3.4.2 Fatigue 3.4.2 Fatigue 3.5—Durability 3.5—Durability 3.6—Fiber-reinforced polymer system qualification 3.6—Fiber-reinforced polymer system qualification
11	CHAPTER 4— SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING CHAPTER 4— SHIPPING, STORAGE, AND HANDLING 4.1— Shipping 4.1— Shipping 4.2—Storage 4.2—Storage 4.2.1 Storage conditions 4.2.1 Storage conditions 4.2.2 Shelf life 4.2.2 Shelf life 4.3—Handling 4.3—Handling 4.3.1 Material safety data sheet 4.3.1 Material safety data sheet 4.3.2 Information sources 4.3.2 Information sources 4.3.3 General handling hazard 4.3.3 General handling hazard 4.3.4 Personnel safe handling and clothing 4.3.4 Personnel safe handling and clothing 4.3.5 Workplace safe handling 4.3.5 Workplace safe handling
12	4.3.6 Clean-up and disposal 4.3.6 Clean-up and disposal CHAPTER 5— INSTALLATION CHAPTER 5— INSTALLATION 5.1—Contractor competency 5.1—Contractor competency 5.2—Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations 5.2—Temperature, humidity, and moisture considerations 5.3—Equipment 5.3—Equipment 5.4—Substrate repair and surface preparation 5.4—Substrate repair and surface preparation 5.4.1 Substrate repair 5.4.1 Substrate repair 5.4.2 Surface preparation 5.4.2 Surface preparation 5.4.2.1 Surface preparation for externally bonded FRP laminates 5.4.2.1 Surface preparation for externally bonded FRP laminates
13	5.4.2.2 Surface preparation for NSM FRP bars 5.4.2.2 Surface preparation for NSM FRP bars 5.5—Resin mixing 5.5—Resin mixing 5.6—Application of constituent materials 5.6—Application of constituent materials 5.6.1 Primer and putty 5.6.1 Primer and putty 5.6.2 Wet layup systems 5.6.2 Wet layup systems 5.6.3 Precured systems 5.6.3 Precured systems 5.6.4 Near-surface-mounted systems 5.6.4 Near-surface-mounted systems
14	5.6.5 Protective coatings 5.6.5 Protective coatings 5.7—Alignment of FRP materials 5.7—Alignment of FRP materials 5.8—Multiple plies and lap splices 5.8—Multiple plies and lap splices 5.9—Resins curing 5.9—Resins curing 5.10—Temporary protection 5.10—Temporary protection CHAPTER 6— INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND ACCEPTANCE CHAPTER 6— INSPECTION, EVALUATION, AND ACCEPTANCE 6.1—Inspection 6.1—Inspection
15	6.2—Evaluation and acceptance 6.2—Evaluation and acceptance 6.2.1 Materials 6.2.1 Materials 6.2.2 Fiber orientations 6.2.2 Fiber orientations 6.2.3 Delaminations 6.2.3 Delaminations
16	6.2.4 Cure of resins 6.2.4 Cure of resins 6.2.5 Adhesion strength 6.2.5 Adhesion strength 6.2.6 Cured thickness 6.2.6 Cured thickness CHAPTER 7— MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR CHAPTER 7— MAINTENANCE AND REPAIR 7.1—General 7.1—General 7.2—Inspection and assessment 7.2—Inspection and assessment 7.2.1 General inspection 7.2.1 General inspection 7.2.2 Assessment 7.2.2 Assessment 7.3—Repair of strengthening system 7.3—Repair of strengthening system 7.4—Repair of surface coating 7.4—Repair of surface coating CHAPTER 8— GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER 8— GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS 8.1— Design philosophy 8.1— Design philosophy
17	8.2—Strengthening limits 8.2—Strengthening limits 8.3—Design material properties 8.3—Design material properties
18	8.4—Effective strain and stress in the FRP reinforcement at the strength limit state 8.4—Effective strain and stress in the FRP reinforcement at the strength limit state 8.4.1 Effective strain for flexure-controlled failure modes 8.4.1 Effective strain for flexure-controlled failure modes 8.4.2 Effective strain for shear-controlled failure modes 8.4.2 Effective strain for shear-controlled failure modes CHAPTER 9— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR OUT- OF- PLANE LOADS CHAPTER 9— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR OUT- OF- PLANE LOADS 9.1— Background information 9.1— Background information
20	9.2—General considerations 9.2—General considerations 9.2.1 Assumptions 9.2.1 Assumptions 9.2.2 Shear strength 9.2.2 Shear strength 9.3—Existing wall strength 9.3—Existing wall strength 9.3.1 Flexural and axial strength 9.3.1 Flexural and axial strength 9.3.2 Shear strength 9.3.2 Shear strength
21	9.4—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads 9.4—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to out-of-plane loads 9.4.1 Failure modes 9.4.1 Failure modes 9.4.2 Strain level in the FRP reinforcement 9.4.2 Strain level in the FRP reinforcement 9.4.3 Stress level in the FRP reinforcement 9.4.3 Stress level in the FRP reinforcement 9.4.4 Flexural strength computation 9.4.4 Flexural strength computation 9.5—Serviceability 9.5—Serviceability
22	9.6—Creep rupture stress limits 9.6—Creep rupture stress limits CHAPTER 10— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR IN- PLANE LOADS CHAPTER 10— WALL STRENGTHENING FOR IN- PLANE LOADS 10.1— Background information 10.1— Background information
24	10.2—General considerations 10.2—General considerations 10.3—Existing wall strength 10.3—Existing wall strength
25	10.4—Nominal shear strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane loads 10.4—Nominal shear strength of FRP-reinforced masonry walls subjected to in-plane loads
26	10.5—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced walls subjected to in-plane loads 10.5—Nominal flexural strength of FRP-reinforced walls subjected to in-plane loads
27	10.6—Wall strengthening for shear and flexure 10.6—Wall strengthening for shear and flexure CHAPTER 11— DETAILING CHAPTER 11— DETAILING 11.1— General requirements 11.1— General requirements 11.2—Fiber-reinforced polymer debonding 11.2—Fiber-reinforced polymer debonding 11.2.1 Externally bonded FRP systems 11.2.1 Externally bonded FRP systems 11.2.2 NSM FRP systems 11.2.2 NSM FRP systems
28	11.2.3 Development length 11.2.3 Development length 11.3—Spacing limits 11.3—Spacing limits 11.3.1 Out-of-plane flexural reinforcement 11.3.1 Out-of-plane flexural reinforcement 11.3.2 In-plane shear reinforcement 11.3.2 In-plane shear reinforcement 11.4—Anchorages of FRP reinforcement 11.4—Anchorages of FRP reinforcement 11.4.1 Externally bonded FRP systems 11.4.1 Externally bonded FRP systems
29	11.4.2 NSM FRP systems 11.4.2 NSM FRP systems 11.5—Alternate forms of anchoring 11.5—Alternate forms of anchoring 11.5.1 Embedded mechanical anchoring 11.5.1 Embedded mechanical anchoring 11.5.2 External steel anchors 11.5.2 External steel anchors 11.6—Load path continuity 11.6—Load path continuity 11.7—Splices 11.7—Splices
30	CHAPTER 12— DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SUBMITTALS CHAPTER 12— DRAWINGS, SPECIFICATIONS, AND SUBMITTALS 12.1— Engineering requirements 12.1— Engineering requirements 12.2—Drawings and specifications 12.2—Drawings and specifications 12.3—Submittals 12.3—Submittals 12.3.1 Fiber-reinforced polymer system manufacturer 12.3.1 Fiber-reinforced polymer system manufacturer 12.3.2 Fiber-reinforced polymer system installation contractor 12.3.2 Fiber-reinforced polymer system installation contractor 12.3.3 Fiber-reinforced polymer system inspection agency 12.3.3 Fiber-reinforced polymer system inspection agency
31	CHAPTER 13— DESIGN EXAMPLES CHAPTER 13— DESIGN EXAMPLES 13.1—Increasing the flexural capacity of a wall subjected to out-of-plane loads 13.1—Increasing the flexural capacity of a wall subjected to out-of-plane loads
38	13.2—Increasing the lateral capacity of a wall subjected to in-plane loads 13.2—Increasing the lateral capacity of a wall subjected to in-plane loads
45	CHAPTER 14— REFERENCES CHAPTER 14— REFERENCES 14.1— Referenced standards and reports 14.1— Referenced standards and reports 14.2—Cited references 14.2—Cited references

Additional information

Standard Title	440.7R-10 Guide for Design & Constr of Externally Bonded FRP Systems for Strengthening Unreinforced Masonry Structures
Published Code	ACI
Publication Date	2010
Pages Count	50

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ACI 440.7R 10:2010 Edition

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